Engineering Survey Vol. XI, 6-7/2017
Kosheleva N.E., Kuzminskaya N.YU., Terskaya E.V.
Kosheleva N.E., Kuzminskaya N.Yu., Terskaya E.V., 2017. Salinization and solonetzization of urban soils due to the use of deicing agents (by the example of the Western Administrative District of Moscow). Engineering Survey, Vol. XI, No. 6-7, pp. 64-77, https://doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2017-6-7-64-77.
To assess the negative consequences of the use of deicing agents, the authors studied the superficial deposits in the Western Administrative District of Moscow in April-May and September in 2015. They established that, during the summer period, readily soluble salts are washed out from the upper layer due to the percolative regime and light granulometric composition (coarse texture) of urban surface soils, and only some part of these salts retains in the lower part of the soil strata. However, in the winter-spring period new portions of salts enter the soils with deicing agents, and this almost completely compensates their removal. The spatial distribution of readily soluble salts is characterized by technogenic anomalies along motor roads. These anomalies are 30–50 m wide and have several maximums of salt concentrations at various depths and at various distances from a road. This is due to episodic inputs of large portions of deicing agents. The authors revealed a weak solonetzicity (not expressed morphologically) of the surface deposits of the district due to annual input of sodium with thawed water. They recommended to perform a set of measures aimed at the reduction of the input of toxic salts with deicing agents and at the decrease of the content of these salts in the root layer.
1. Antipov-Karataev I.N. Voprosy proiskhozhdeniya i geograficheskogo rasprostraneniya solontsov v SSSR [Problems of origin and geographical distribution of solonetzes in the USSR] // Melioratsiya solontsov v SSSR [Desolonetzization in the USSR]. M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1953. S. 11–266 (Rus.).
2. Arinushkina E.V. Rukovodstvo po khimicheskomu analizu pochv [Manual for chemical analysis of soils]. M.: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1970. 488 s. (Rus.).
3. Bol'shoy atlas Moskvy [Great atlas of Moscow]. M.: Feoriya, 2012. 1000 s. (Rus.).
4. Danilov V.P., Frolova E.A., Kondakov D.F. i dr. Nizkotemperaturnye protivogololednye kompozitsii v vodno-solevykh sistemakh, vklyuchayushchikh atsetaty i formiaty [Low-temperature deicing compositions in water-salt systems including acetates and formiates] // Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya [Chemical Technology]. 2011. T. 12. No. 3. S. 134–141 (Rus.).
5. Zasolennye pochvy Rossii [Saline soils in Russia] / pod red. L.L. Shishova, E.I. Pankova [edited by L.L. Shishov, E.I. Pankov]. M.: Akademkniga, 2006. 854 s. (Rus.).
6. Karta pochvenno-ekologicheskogo rayonirovaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. M 1:2 500 000 [Map of soil-ecological zoning of the Russian Federation. M 1:2 500 000] / pod red. G.V. Dobrovol'skogo,I.S. Urusevskoy [edited by G.V. Dobrovolskiy, I.S. Urusevskaya]. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 2013 (Rus.).
7. Korolev V.A., Sokolov V.N., Samarin E.N. Otsenka ekologo-geologicheskikh posledstviy primeneniya v Moskve protivogololednykh reagentov [Assessing the ecological-geological consequences of the use of deicing agents in Moscow] // Inzhenernaya geologiya [Engineering Geology]. 2009. No. 1. S. 34–43 (Rus.).
8. Kosheleva N.E., Kasimov N.S., Vlasov D.V. Factors of the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids at geochemical barriers in urban soils // Eurasian Soil Science, 2015. V. 48. No. 5. P. 476–492.
9. Landshafty Moskovskoy oblasti i ikh sovremennoe sostoyanie [Landscapes of the Moscow Region and their current state] / pod red. I.I. Mamay [edited by I.I. Mamay]. Smolensk: Izd-vo SGU, 1997. 296 s. (Rus.).
10. Nikiforova E.M. Geokhimicheskie bar'ery v pochvakh gorodskikh ekosistem i ikh vliyanie na zelenye nasazhdeniya (na primere Moskvy) [Geochemical barriers in soils of urban ecosystems and their influence on green plantations (by the example of Moscow)] // Ekologiya bol'shogo goroda [Ecology of a Great City]. M.: Prima-Press, 2000. Vyp. 4. S. 74–82 (Rus.).
11. Nikiforova E.M., Kasimov N.S., Kosheleva N.E. Long-term dynamics of the anthropogenic salinization of soils in Moscow (by the example of the Eastern district) // Eurasian Soil Science. 2014. V. 47. No. 3. P. 203–215.
12. Nikiforova E.M., Kasimov N.S., Kosheleva N.E. Long-term dynamics of anthropogenic solonetzicity in soils of the Eastern okrug of Moscow under the Impact of Deicing Salts // Eurasian Soil Science. 2017.V.50 No. 1. P. 84–94.
13. Popov A.A., Saul'skaya T.D., Shatilo D.P. Promyshlennye zony kak faktor ekologicheskoy situatsii i differentsiatsii tsen na zhil'e v Moskve [Industrial zones as a factor of the environmental situation and differentiation of house prices in Moscow] // Ekologiya i promyshlennost' Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2016. T. 20. No. 2. S. 32–38 (Rus.).
14. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Moskvy No. 242 ot 10 aprelya 2007 g. «O poryadke dopuska k primeneniyu protivogololednykh reagentov dlya zimney uborki ob"ektov dorozhnogo khozyaystva i dvorovykh territoriy v gorode Moskve» [On the procedure of admission to the use of deicing reagents for winter cleaning of road facilities and yard territories in the city of Moscow: decree of the Government of Moscow No. 242 of 10 April 2007]. M.: Pravitel'stvo Moskvy, 2007 (Rus.).
15. Prokof’eva T.V., Gerasimova M.I., Bezuglova O.S., et al. Inclusion of soils and soil-like bodies of urban territories into the Russian soil classification system // Eurasian Soil Science. 2014. V. 47. No. 10. P. 959–967.
16. Prokofyeva T.V., Martynenko I.A., Ivannikov F.A. Classification of Moscow soils and parent materials and its possible inclusion in the classification system of Russian soils // Eurasian Soil Science. 2011. V. 44. No. 5. P. 561–571.
17. Sister V.G., Koretskiy V.E. Inzhenerno-ekologicheskaya zashchita vodnoy sistemy severnogo megapolisa v zimniy period [Engineering-environmental protection of the water system of a northern megapolis in the winter period]. M.: TsentrMGUIE, 2004. 159 s. (Rus.).
18. Smagin A.V., Azovtseva N.A., Smagina M.V., et al. Criteria and methods to assess the ecological status of soils in relation to the landscaping of urban territories // Eurasian Soil Science. 2006. V. 39. No. 5. P. 539–551.
19. Smagin A.V., Guber A.K., Shein E.V., Munir Gayz. Razrabotka pochvennykh konstruktsiy i rezhimov orosheniya ozelenyaemykh gorodskikh landshaftov v usloviyakh aridnogo klimata [Development of soil structures and irrigation regimes of planted urban landscapes in the conditions of the arid climate] // Degradatsiya pochv i opustynivanie [Soil degradation and desertification]. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1999. S. 470–482 (Rus.).
20. Khitrov N.B. Fiziko-khimicheskie usloviya razvitiya solontsovogo protsessa v pochvakh [Physicochemical conditions for the development of the solonetz process in soils] // Pochvovedenie [Pedology]. 1995. No. 3. S. 298–307 (Rus.).
21. Khomyakov D.M. Moskva solyam ne verit. O protivogololednykh reagentakh, ispol'zuemykh v Moskve za zimniy period, i ikh ob"eme [Moscow does not trust in salts. On the deicing reagents used in Moscow during the winter period and on their volume] // Dorozhnaya derzhava [Road State]. 2015. Vyp. 58. S. 91–95 (Rus.).
22. Chernousenko G.I., Yamnova I.A., Skripnikova M.N. Antropogennoe zasolenie pochv Moskvy [Anthropogenic soil salinization in Moscow] // Pochvovedenie [Pedology]. 2003. No. 1. S. 97–105 (Rus.).
23. Ekologicheskiy atlas Moskvy [Ecological atlas of Moscow]. M.: GUP NIIPI Genplana g. Moskvy, 2000. 96 s. (Rus.).
24. Brady C.B., Weil R.R. The nature and properties of soils. London: Prentice Hall International Editions, 1996. 739 p.
25. Czerniawska-Kusza I., Kusza G., Duzynski M. Effect of deicing salts on urban soils and health status of roadside trees in the Opole region // Environmental Toxicology. 2004. V. 19. No. 4. P. 296–301.
26. Joutti A., Schultz E., Pessala P., Nistén T., Hellstén P. Ecotoxity of alternative de-icers // The Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2003. V. 3. No. 4. P. 269–272.
27. Kim S.-Y., Koretsky C. Effects of road salt deicers on sediment biogeochemistry // Biogeochemistry. 2013. V. 112. No. 1/3. P. 343–358.
28. Norrström A.-C., Bergstedt B. The impact of road de-icing salts (NaCl) on colloid dispersion and base cation pools in roadside soils // Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 2001. V. 127. P. 281–299.
29. Ramakrishna D., Viraraghavan T. Environmental impact of chemical deicers: a review // Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 2005. V. 166. P. 49–63.
30. Shainberg I., Letey J. Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions // Hilgardia. 1984. V. 52. No. 2. P. 1–57.
31. Shi X., Fay L., Gallaway C., et al. Evaluation of alternative anti-icing and deicing compounds using sodium chloride and magnesium chloride as baseline deicers, phase I: report No. CDOT-2009-I. Colorado department of transportation, February 2009. 292 p.
NATALIA E. KOSHELEVA*
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; natalk@mail.ru
Address: Bld. 1, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
NATALIA Yu. KUZMINSKAYA
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; natasha.kislyackova@yandex.ru
ELENA V. TERSKAYA
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; elena_terskaya@mail.ru