Подводные оползни и их гравитационные производные (грязевые и мутьевые потоки) относятся к наиболее распространенным опасным процессам на морском дне, способным воздействовать и на примыкающую береговую зону. Изучение подводных оползней с оценкой и прогнозом их активности становится все более актуальным в связи с интенсивным инженерным освоением морского дна, а также развитием береговой инфраструктуры. Особенно это актуально для Черного моря, для которого характерно наличие большого количества факторов возникновения подводных оползней и которое обладает высоким рекреационным значением. Цель статьи — рассмотрение подводных оползней как опасных геологических процессов на примере наиболее пораженной ими прикавказской части акватории Черного моря РФ — их особенностей, типов и распространения, трансформации, факторов и механизмов возникновения, связанных с ними опасностей, а также методов их исследования, направлений и перспектив дальнейшего изучения. Кроме того, кратко рассмотрены гравитационные перемещения осадочного материала, возникающие при трансформации оползней (грязевые, мутьевые потоки) и их последствия (эрозионные размывы, турбидиты). Использованы материалы отчетов государственного мониторинга состояния недр прибрежно-шельфовой зоны, государственного геологического картирования масштаба 1:200 000 и инженерно-геологических изысканий, проводимых АО «ЮЖМОРГЕОЛОГИЯ», результаты многолучевого эхолотирования, а также анализа грунтовых колонок длиной до 7,4 м, придонного геоакустического профилирования верхней толщи донных грунтов и акустических изображений поверхности дна, полученных морским акустическим комплексом МАК-1М, низкочастотного сейсмоакустического профилирования, гидролокации бокового обзора, подводного фототелевизионного профилирования, обширной опубликованной литературы. На дне Черного моря выделены различные типы подводных оползней. Пики их активности связываются с периодами регрессий. На современном этапе высокого стояния уровня моря активность оползневых процессов значительно снижена. Наиболее активно они развиваются на участках узкого шельфа в сочетании с повышенным выносом терригенного материала реками с кавказской области денудации.

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ГЛАЗЫРИН Е.А.
АО «ЮЖМОРГЕОЛОГИЯ», г. Геленджик, Краснодарский край, Россия, eaglazyrin@mail.ru
Адрес: ул. Крымская, д. 20, г. Геленджик, 353461, Краснодарский край, Россия

Submarine landslides and associated processes (mud and gravity flows) are among the most common and dangerous phenomena on the seabed. These events can have a significant impact on the adjacent coastal areas. As the engineering development of the seabed and coastal infrastructure continues to expand, it has become increasingly important to study these processes and understand their potential impact. The Black Sea is particularly vulnerable to these hazards due to a combination of factors, including its high recreational value and the presence of many factors that contribute to the occurrence of submarine landslides. The goal of this paper is to explore these dangerous geological phenomena through the example of those that affect the Black Sea region of the Russian Federation. It will discuss the features, types, and distribution of these events, as well as their transformations, associated hazards, and methods of research. Finally, it will explore the current state of knowledge and future directions for research in this area. In addition, the gravitational movements of sedimentary material that occur during landslide transformations (mud and gravity flows) and their consequences (erosion cuts, turbidites) are briefly discussed. The materials from the reports of state monitoring of the subsurface state of the coastal shelf zone, state geological mapping at a scale of 1:200 000, and engineering-geological surveys conducted by Southern Scientific and Production Association for Marine Geological Explorations JSC, as well as results from multibeam echo sounding, analysis of soil cores up to 7.4 m long, bottom geoacoustic profiling of the upper layer of bottom sediments, and acoustic images of the seabed surface obtained by the marine acoustic complex MAK-1M, lowfrequency seismoacoustic profiling, side-scan sonar, underwater photo-television profiling, and published literature were used. Various types of submarine landslides have been identified on the bottom of the Black Sea. Their peaks of activity are associated with periods of sea level regression. At the current stage of high sea levels, landslide activity has been significantly reduced. Maximum values are typically found in areas with a narrow shelf, combined with increased removal of terrestrial material by rivers from the Caucasus erosion region.

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EVGENIY A. GLAZYRIN
Southern Scientific and Production Association for Marine Geological Explorations JSC; Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Region, Russia; eaglazyrin@mail.ru
Address: Bld. 20, Krymskaya St., 353461, Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Region, Russia