Geotechnics, Vol. XIV, No. 3/2022
Shashkin V.A.
Shashkin V.A., 2022. Construction of foundations of range buildings in the 18th — early 19th century (by example of Saint Petersburg). Geotechnics, Vol. XIV, No. 3, pp. 6–20, https://doi.org/10.25296/2221-5514-2022-14-3-6-20.
The paper is devoted to the historical aspect of foundation construction, i.e. the description of design and construction methods of building foundations of the 18th — early 19th centuries, when no regulating documents were created and building business was based not on calculation, but only on experience. The excursus to the history of foundation construction is helped by the works of the Russian architect I.M. Lema (1738–1810), which give a fairly complete picture of the construction of foundations for wooden and stone buildings of that time. The article considers the guidelines that were used more than two centuries ago in solving the questions of how to determine the depth of foundations, what kind of soil is suitable as a natural base, in what cases a pile foundation is required, how to determine the dimensions of foundations, depending on the building height, what materials are suitable for making foundations, what is the technology of their construction. I.M. Lem’s works greatly facilitate the understanding of general laws of foundation construction, which are difficult to identify, if we follow the general from the particular to the general, i.e., based solely on the actual material of the examination of many foundations of historic buildings. The indications of the historical source are largely tied to the conditions of construction, typical for the city of Saint Petersburg. The article gives examples of historical foundations for wooden and stone buildings, the choice of which is due to the fact that during the adaptation for modern use under these monuments of architecture excavation of the underground volume was carried out, during which the visual inspection of the historical structures of the foundations became fully accessible.
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VSEVOLOD A. SHASHKIN
Construction Design Institute Georekonstrukciya LLC; Saint Petersburg, Russia; vashashkin@pi-georeconstruction.ru
Address: Bld. 4, Litera A, Izmailovsky Ave, 190005, Saint Petersburg, Russia