Inzhenernaya Geologiya Vol. XII, No. 6/2017
Ryashchenko T.G.
Ryashchenko T.G., 2017. Interrelationships of the swelling and the shrinkage of the clay and the loessial soils. Inzhenernaya Geologiya, Vol. XII, No. 6, pp. 24-32, https://doi.org/10.25296/1993-5056-2017-6-24-32.
The article considers the character of the interrelationship between the relative swelling and the volumetric shrinkage of the clay and the loessial soils. The possibility of their adequacy (accordance) or antagonism (contradiction) was estimated. Examples are given from the practice of engineering surveys in Turkey (Ankara clays), Russia (eolian clays, the city of Nevinnomyssk in the North Caucasus) and the USA (forecasting the swelling of clayey soils, Oklahoma), which show the need for simultaneous study of these dangerous properties and elucidation of the factors of their manifestation. The results of experiment and investigations were presented for three objects: the proluvial loessial soils (p III–IV) of the lithological section Desyatnikov (Buryatia); the lacustrine clays (l III–IV) of the test hole 45-b (Primorye, the area of the lake Khanka); the clays of the Jurassic coal-bearing formation (engineering geological boreholes on the survey area, the microdistrict Topkinskiy, c. Irkutsk). The programs «Standard statistics» and «Cluster analysis» of the R-type microstructural parameters were determined by the method of «Microstructure», the composition of clay minerals — using X-ray diffraction analysis. The absence of interrelations between swelling and shrinkage is confirmed by the results of the experiment under conditions of a change in the moisture content of the paste samples (alluvial clay soils), the data for determining these indices for proluvial loess-like sandy loams and cohesive sands of the Desyatnikovo (Buryatiya) section and the clay of the Jurassic coal-bearing formation (Irkutsk). The manifestation of the correlation of swelling and shrinkage was established only for lake clays from the area of Fr. Khanka (Primorye), enriched with smectite. It is shown that the main factors of swelling of clayey and loess soils are the composition of clay minerals, the degree of aggregation (the number of aggregates), the actual content of the fraction < 0,002 mm, the content of primary (free) fine-fine sand (0,25–0,05 mm) particles; as well as shrinkage with the listed swelling factors, is most likely not connected, which is, apparently, the reason for the discrepancy in the manifestation of these physicochemical properties; to determine the degree of danger of the soil strata in connection with swelling or shrinkage, it is necessary to determine the value of these indicators in the course of engineering surveys in laboratory conditions on duplicate samples.
1. Galai, B.F., 2003. Aeolian clays of Nevinnomyssk. High school science - to North Caucasus region, materials VII of a regional scientific and technical conference, vol. 1. Natural and exact sciences. Technical applied sciences, SevKavGTU, Stavropol, Russia, pр. 101–102. (In Russ.).
2. Danilov, B.S., 2001. The cluster analysis in EXCEL. A structure of a lithosphere and geodynamics, materials XIX of the All-Russian scientific youth conference on April 24–28, 2001, IZK Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Irkutsk, Russia, pр. 18–19. (In Russ.).
3. Korolev, V.A., Savinovskaya, V. S., 2001. The analysis of shrinkage of clay soil by means of charts of phase structure. Materials of a year session of scientific council of RAS on problems of geoecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology, 22–23 March, Sergeevsky readings, vol. 3, GEOS, Moscow, Russia, рр 20–22. (In Russ.).
4. Korotkiy, A.M., Grebennikova, T.A., Karaulova, L.P., Belyanina, N.I., 2007. Lake transgressions in a late Cainozoic Ussuri-Hankaysky depression (Primorye). Pacific geology, vol. 26, no. 4. pp. 53–68. (In Russ.).
5. Odintsov, M.M. (ed.), 1975. Ust-Ilim Reservoir. Underground waters and engineering geology of the territory. Science, Novosibirsk. (In Russ.).
6. Ryashchenko, T.G., 2010. Regional pedology (Eastern Siberia), in Ruzhich V.V. (ed.). Institut of crust of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Irkutsk. (In Russ.).
7. Ryashchenko, T.G., Ukhova, N.N., 2008. Chemical composition of disperse soil: opportunities and forecasts (Eastern Siberia), in Ruzhich V.V. (ed.). Institut of crust of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Irkutsk. (In Russ.).
8. Ryaschenko, T.G., Ukhova, N.N., Shtelmakh, S.I., Belyanina, N.I., Belyanin, P.S., 2011. Hypotheses of formation of brown loams of Primorye: retrospective and new view (Far East of Russia). The Pacific geology (The Far East of Russia). Pacific Geology, no. 3, pp. 80–92. (In Russ.).
9. Ryashchenko, T.G., Akulova, V.V., Ukhova, N.N., Shtelmakh, S.I., Grin, N.N., 2014. Loessial Mongolo-Sibirskogo regiona soil. Institute of crust of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Irkutsk. (In Russ.).
10. Ryashchenko, T.G., Shtelmakh, S.I., Belyanin, P.S., Belyanina, N.I., Lesnov, S.V., Ivanov, V.V., 2014. Microstructure and geochemical features of Cainozoic deposits (Khabarovsk Krai, valley of the Sooli River). Domestic geology, 2014, no. 4, pp. 31–41. (In Russ.).
11. Trzhtsinsky, Yu.B., Goryunov, A.A., Shenkman, B.M., etc., 1979. Boguchansky reservoir: underground waters and engineering geology, in Odintsov M.M. Nauka, Novosibirsk. (In Russ.).
12. Li-dong, B., Ke-rui, C., Wen-kui, H., 2001. Mineral composition and microstructural swelling of the soil in the southern part of Hefei-Xuzhou Expressway (China). Journal of Chengdu Inst. Texnikal, no 2, pp. 148–153.
13. Lin, B., Cerato, A.B., 2012. Prediction of expansive soil swelling based on four micro-scale properties. Bul. Eng. Geol. Environ. vol. 71, no 1, pp. 71–78.
14. Ozer, M., Ulusau, R., Isik, N.S., 2012. Evaluation of damage to light structures erected on a fill material rich in expansive soil. Bul. Eng. Geol. Environ, vol. 71, no 1, pp. 20–36.
15. Riashchenko, T.G., 1994. New techniques for determination of mineral composition of clay fraction in soils. Proc. Seventh Intern. Congress Intern. Assoc. of Engineering Geology. Rotterdam: Balkema, vol. 2, pp. 677–682.
TAMARA G. RYASHCHENKO
Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Irkutsk, Russiа; ryashenk@crust.irk.ru
Address: Bld. 128, Lermontova St., 664033, Irkutsk, Russiа