Приводится аналитический обзор состояния современных исследований в области электрокинетических технологий для очистки грунтов и подземных вод от различных загрязнителей и результаты их практического применения по материалам 17-го Международного симпозиума EREM-2017, состоявшегося в университете Конкордия (Монреаль, Канада). Рассмотрены результаты исследований электрокинетического метода очистки грунтов от тяжелых металлов, органических загрязнителей, биоэлектрокинетические технологии, а также вопросы практической реализации проектов. Показано, что электрокинетические методы являются эффективными для очистки грунтов от широкого спектра токсикантов. Универсальность этого метода обусловливает его широкое применение в разных странах, в связи с чем продолжаются теоретические и практические исследования по его дальнейшему совершенствованию и обоснованию промышленных технологий на его основе. Весьма перспективным направлением является комплексирование электрокинетического метода с другими воздействиями на грунты. Это направление исследований в мире развивается наиболее интенсивно. В частности, активно разрабатываются различные варианты биоэлектрокинетической очистки грунтов, шламов и сточных вод, основанные на совместном действии на грунт электрического поля и различных культур микро- и макроорганизмов. Таким образом, область применения электрокинетических технологий для решения экологических задач постоянно расширяется, наряду с грунтами в нее вовлекается очистка сточных вод, промышленных отходов и др. объектов. В России аналогичные работы пока ведутся на уровне лабораторных исследований, а не промышленных технологий. Отечественные исследования в этой области находятся на мировом уровне.

1. Allred A.N., Blanton S.M., Sanders J.R., Arce P.E., 2017. Electrokinetics-Hydrodynamics (EKHD): an efficient framework for сlearning electrokinetics. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 40–50.
2. Chang J.-H., Shen S.-Y., 2017. The lead contaminated land treated by the circulation-enhanced electrokinetics and phytoremediation. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 98–109.
3. Elektorowicz M., Hosseini S., Ibeid S., 2017. Innovative SMEBR-Anammox system. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 126–128.
4. ElNaker N.A., Hasan S.W., Yousef,A.F., 2017. Impact of electric field on the function and microbial community structure in electro-bioreactors. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 129–148.
5. Ferreira A.R., Guedes P., Mateus E.P., Couto N., Ribeiro, A.B., 2017. Cell design in electrokinetic process: influence on PPCPs removal from slurry soil. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, p. 149.
6. Hu L., Zhang L., Wu H., 2017. Consolidation and remediation of clay with different ions through electrokinetic technique. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 259–270.
7. Ibeid S., Elektorowicz M., Oleszkiewicz J.A., 2017. Building up Annamox bacteria using electro-bioreactor. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 190–196.
8. Kirkelund G.M., Jensen P.E., Pedersen K.B., Ottosen L.M., 2017. Comparison of two- and three-compartment cells for electrodialytic removal of heave metals from contaminated material suspensions. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 229–238.
9. Korolev V.A., Nesterov D.S., 2017. Regulation of clay particles charge for design of protective electrokinetic barriers. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 239–248.
10. Liaoa W.-P., Lai P.-C., 2017. Effect of surfactant and sodium hydroxide on remediation of Biphenyl-A contaminated soil by electrokinetic process. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 249–258.
11. Lobs A., Coremans M., Xue F., Cai Q., Bao C., 2017. Electrokinetic reclamation demonstration project in China. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 271–282.
12. Masi M., Cessarini A., Iannelli R., 2017. Model-based optimization of field-scale electrokinetic remediation of marine sediments. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 292–300.
13. Masi M., Paz-Garcia J.M., Gomez-Lahoz C., Villen-Gusman M., Cessarini A., Iannelli R., 2017. Influence of chemical reaction kinetics on electrokinetic remediation modeling results. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 284–291.
14. Ortiz R., Leala D., Gutierreza C., Aracenab A., Rojoa A., Hansena H.K., 2017. Electrokinetic remediation of manganese and zinc in copper mine tailings. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 307–319.
15. Ottosen L.M., Crespo C.S.V., Jensen P.E., Kirkelund G.M. & Ribeiro A.B., 2017. Electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from suspended sewage sludge ash – continuous or periodical stirring. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 320–327.
16. Rajic L., Fallahpour N., Nazari R., Alshawabkeh A.N., 2017. Electrochemical degradation of trichloroethylene in aqueous solution by bipolar graphite electrodes. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 345–347.
17. Reddy K.R., Karaca O., Cameselle C., 2017. Electrokinetic treatment of acid lake sediments and mine tailings: characterization and remediation possibilities. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 348–356.
18. Wei V., Devlin T., Zhang X., Oleszkiewic, J., 2017. Removal of Phosphorus and COD from hog manure by enhanced electro- Fenton process. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 411–413.
19. Yang G.C.C., Jen Y.-S., 2017. Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river sediment by novel Fenton-like process coupled with electrokinetic process. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, p. 440.

КОРОЛЕВ В.А.*
Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва, Россия, va-korolev@bk.ru
Адрес: Ленинские горы, д. 1, г. Москва, 119991, Россия
НЕСТЕРОВ Д.С.
Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва, Россия, dsnesterovmsu@gmail.com

The paper presents analytical review of modern researches in the field of electrokinetical technologies of soil and groundwater decontamination from various pollutants and their practical application by the materials of the Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM-2017) International Symposium taken place at Concordia University (Montreal, Canada). The results of studies of the electrokinetic method for cleaning soils from heavy metals, organic pollutants, bioelectrokinetic technologies, as well as industrial implementation of projects are considered. It is shown that electrokinetic methods are effective for cleaning soils from a wide range of toxicants. The universality of this method determines its wide application in different countries, in connection with which theoretical and practical studies continue on its further improvement and substantiation of industrial technologies based on it. A very promising direction is the integration of the electrokinetic method with other effects on soils. This direction of research in the world is developing most intensively. In particular, various variants of bioelectrokinetic cleaning of soils, sludges and wastewater are actively being developed, based on the joint action of electric field and various cultures of micro- and macroorganisms on the soil. Thus, the field of application of electrokinetic technologies for solving environmental problems is constantly expanding, along with soils, wastewater treatment, industrial wastes and other objects are involved. In Russia, similar work is still conducted at the level of laboratory research, rather than industrial technology. However, the level of domestic research in this area is not inferior to the world one.

1. Allred A.N., Blanton S.M., Sanders J.R., Arce P.E., 2017. Electrokinetics-Hydrodynamics (EKHD): an efficient framework for сlearning electrokinetics. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 40–50.
2. Chang J.-H., Shen S.-Y., 2017. The lead contaminated land treated by the circulation-enhanced electrokinetics and phytoremediation. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 98–109.
3. Elektorowicz M., Hosseini S., Ibeid S., 2017. Innovative SMEBR-Anammox system. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 126–128.
4. ElNaker N.A., Hasan S.W., Yousef,A.F., 2017. Impact of electric field on the function and microbial community structure in electro-bioreactors. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 129–148.
5. Ferreira A.R., Guedes P., Mateus E.P., Couto N., Ribeiro, A.B., 2017. Cell design in electrokinetic process: influence on PPCPs removal from slurry soil. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, p. 149.
6. Hu L., Zhang L., Wu H., 2017. Consolidation and remediation of clay with different ions through electrokinetic technique. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 259–270.
7. Ibeid S., Elektorowicz M., Oleszkiewicz J.A., 2017. Building up Annamox bacteria using electro-bioreactor. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 190–196.
8. Kirkelund G.M., Jensen P.E., Pedersen K.B., Ottosen L.M., 2017. Comparison of two- and three-compartment cells for electrodialytic removal of heave metals from contaminated material suspensions. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 229–238.
9. Korolev V.A., Nesterov D.S., 2017. Regulation of clay particles charge for design of protective electrokinetic barriers. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 239–248.
10. Liaoa W.-P., Lai P.-C., 2017. Effect of surfactant and sodium hydroxide on remediation of Biphenyl-A contaminated soil by electrokinetic process. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 249–258.
11. Lobs A., Coremans M., Xue F., Cai Q., Bao C., 2017. Electrokinetic reclamation demonstration project in China. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 271–282.
12. Masi M., Cessarini A., Iannelli R., 2017. Model-based optimization of field-scale electrokinetic remediation of marine sediments. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 292–300.
13. Masi M., Paz-Garcia J.M., Gomez-Lahoz C., Villen-Gusman M., Cessarini A., Iannelli R., 2017. Influence of chemical reaction kinetics on electrokinetic remediation modeling results. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 284–291.
14. Ortiz R., Leala D., Gutierreza C., Aracenab A., Rojoa A., Hansena H.K., 2017. Electrokinetic remediation of manganese and zinc in copper mine tailings. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 307–319.
15. Ottosen L.M., Crespo C.S.V., Jensen P.E., Kirkelund G.M. & Ribeiro A.B., 2017. Electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from suspended sewage sludge ash – continuous or periodical stirring. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 320–327.
16. Rajic L., Fallahpour N., Nazari R., Alshawabkeh A.N., 2017. Electrochemical degradation of trichloroethylene in aqueous solution by bipolar graphite electrodes. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 345–347.
17. Reddy K.R., Karaca O., Cameselle C., 2017. Electrokinetic treatment of acid lake sediments and mine tailings: characterization and remediation possibilities. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 348–356.
18. Wei V., Devlin T., Zhang X., Oleszkiewic, J., 2017. Removal of Phosphorus and COD from hog manure by enhanced electro- Fenton process. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, pp. 411–413.
19. Yang G.C.C., Jen Y.-S., 2017. Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river sediment by novel Fenton-like process coupled with electrokinetic process. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation (EREM 2017) (ed. Elektorowicz M.). Concordia Univ., Montreal, Canada, p. 440.

VLADIMIR A. KOROLEV*
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; va-korolev@bk.ru
Address: Bld. 1, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
DMITRIY S. NESTEROV
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; dsnesterovmsu@gmail.com